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A total of 3,511 black pepper accessions are being maintained at the Experimental Farm, Peruvannamuzhi; 735 accessions at ICAR–IIHR CHES, Chettalli; and 222 field gene bank accessions with 80 core accessions at the ICAR-IISR Headquarters, Chelavur.
New germplasm additions included cultivars from Kasaragod, Malappuram, Palakkad, and Piper bromerifolum from Mizoram.
Extensive germplasm exploration was conducted across Assam (Indo–Bhutan border districts) and Meghalaya (West and East Garo Hills), and collected diverse male and female populations of wild and semi-wild Piper species, enriching genetic diversity.
30 open-pollinated progenies of triploid landrace "Vadakkan" were evaluated, revealing wide variation in yield, piperine, essential oil, and oleoresin content, and promising progenies with high-quality traits were identified for future selection.
Through genome-wide resequencing of 39 accessions, 159,390 CNVs across all 26 chromosomes, CNVs enriched for piperine biosynthesis and plant immunity pathways were identified.
Comprehensive genomic resources, including SNPs, SSRs, InDels, and a mini-core set of 30 genotypes, were developed.
QR code–based digital varietal identity system using SSR profiles was established.
2,098 drought-responsive DMRs through whole-genome bisulfite sequencing were identified.
Several specialized databases were developed to support genomics, molecular breeding, and functional studies, which include PnGeneSSRdb, BPCNVDb, BPncDB, and BP2SSRDb with 150,828 polymorphic SSRs.
4,972 lncRNAs and 4,994 circRNAs from 32 RNA-seq datasets, revealing extensive regulatory networks, were identified.
SSRs linked to stress response, disease resistance, metabolism, and P450 pathways were functionally characterized.
Differential gene expression of nutrient transporters was observed between Panniyur-1 and Sreekara.
Anatomical studies showed higher tolerance of IISR Thevam to combined waterlogging and Phytophthora stress.
The benefits of early shade regulation and timely irrigation, resulting in improved spike traits and a yield increase of about 4 kg vine−1 was demonstrated.
Drying studies identified infrared, vacuum, and hot-air drying (55–60°C) as superior for essential oil and oleoresin retention.
Moderately resistant and resistant accessions against Phytophthora capsici and P. tropicalis were identified.
CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing targeting NPR3 gene for Phytophthora resistance was initiated.
Nematode management technology using fluopyram, achieving >96% population reduction and >26% yield increase, was developed.
RPA–CRISPR–Cas12a–LFA assay for rapid field detection of Piper yellow mottle virus, with sensitivity far exceeding PCR, was developed.
Field evaluation of chlorantraniliprole for pollu beetle confirmed high efficacy, safety to natural enemies, and suitability for label expansion.